In March 1944 the United States National Defense Resources Committee & Office of Strategic Services performed a number of experiments on the Claiborne-Polk military railroad to help determine the best way to derail trains. The results were presented in the film “Derailment”.
The Hackaday page on “The Science of Derailing Trains no longer embeds a working video, but has a good summary and a fun comment section.
The actual video is archived in the Wayback Machine.